20 Quotes That Will Help You Understand Evolution Korea
Evolution Korea
South Korea's democracy is susceptible to populist inclinations. Nonetheless, it is healthier than what one might expect.
The country is looking for an alternative development model. A Confucian culture that emphasizes respect for the ancestors and gendered family relations continues to influence the society. There are signs of a secularist cultural trend emerging.
Origins
In prehistoric times the ancestors of today's Koreans were capable of survival through hunting and gathering wild foods. Around 10,000 years ago they began to cultivate millet, beans and other crops. They also raised livestock and even made furs. They established tribal states in Manchuria and later on the Korean peninsula. They also created a metalworking industry, producing bronze tools, and later iron ones. They traded with other states and introduced celadon, paper making block printing art styles, and a written language to Japan.
Gojoseon was founded in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. This state embraced Chinese culture which included Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. At this time the people of Buyeo became part of Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical society with a monarch and senior officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy whereas the majority of the population were peasants. The state collected taxes from these people and sometimes even forced them to serve in the army or build fortifications.
Onjo, a prince from Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong the founder of Goguryeo, founded the state of Baekje at the close of the time. The new kingdom expanded its territory to the southwest of the peninsula and fought with Goguryeo and China's commandos in the region. Baekje introduced elements of Confucian beliefs into its official beliefs and made the male centered filiopiety idea an official doctrine in 1390 CE. In the name of filiopiety, fathers were responsible to their families. They must be obeyed by all and respected even by their grandchildren and children.
Goryeo, a nation that was ruled from 918 to 1392 CE in the year 1392 CE, introduced to the world the Hangul Alphabet based upon the shapes that were created by the mouth while pronouncing. This greatly improved communication and led to a boom in the writing of Buddhist text. Woodblock printing and movable metal type were also improved. In 1145 CE, the Samguk Sagi or "History of the Three Kingdoms" was the first to be recorded.
Evolution in Korea
The Korean peninsula has been habitable since Neolithic times. Early evidence for human settlements is visible in the form of stone-lined cist graves with precious items like amazonite jewelry being buried with the dead. Megalithic structures, referred to as dolmens and constructed from single large stones are common in the country.
Gojoseon was the first political state to be recognized during the first half of 1st millennium BCE. The peninsula was then controlled by a variety of states during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC-635 CE) which included Baekje and Goguryeo. The northern part of the peninsula was occupied for a period by the Balhae Kingdom, which historians do not consider to be a genuine Korean state.
After the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states arose in the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). Baekje is the most powerful of these states was diminished by the Goguryeo's fall (676 CE), leaving it with only its southern territories in Manchuria, and its western region around Hwanghae Bay. Eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy, prospered for a time.
The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms started to cooperate to expand their territories. In the final, Silla, with significant Chinese aid, conquered all other states and united the peninsula in 935 CE.
As Korea enters a post-crisis era, its development paradigm seems to be changing. Those who are horrified by the enormous cost of the old system advocate a comprehensive program of liberalization of labor, capital and product markets. On the other hand, those who support the old system are seeking to protect it by using nationalist sentiments and exaggerating fears about job losses.
Academic and policy analysts remain sharply divided on the extent to which these two developments are driving Koreas evolution towards a new model of economic governance. This article examines the five phases of Korea's evolution in terms of its political development: democratic democracies that are not liberal (1945-60) democratic autoritarianism (1961-72) authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-1877), democratic paternalism (2001-2002) and democratic participation (2002). This article also identifies key elements that are driving these developments.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have made strides in promoting their beliefs to this segment. A 2009 survey showed that nearly one-third of respondents did not believe in evolution. Of the respondents, 41% believed that there was no scientific evidence to support the theory; 39% said it contradicted their religious beliefs, and 17 percent said they did not comprehend it. This level of disbelief approaches that of the United States, where a similar percentage of people do not believe that humans evolved from earlier species of life.
In 에볼루션코리아 , most of the anti-evolution movements in Korea was focused on educating college students and leading them to Christ. An increase in interest in creation science came in the year 1980, following an all-day seminar that was held during the World Evangelization Crusade in Seoul that included Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Giss of ICR were the main speakers. This event attracted a huge number of professors, church leaders and scientists.
The event's success led to the formation of the Korea Association of Creation Research on January 31st in 1980. The inaugural meeting was widely covered in national newspapers, such as The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo, and it received wide attention.
KACR started publishing a newsletter titled CREATION. In it, the group reported on its own activities and published articles on scientific evidence supporting creationism. It also translated several slides and film strips from ICR and also some books on the subject that were already in print outside of Korea. KACR members lectured throughout the country at universities and churches.
One instance of a KACR success story occurred at the KAIST university in Seoul. Students at KAIST in Seoul were keen on the concept of creationism that they raised money and secured funding to construct a small museum dedicated to creation on campus.
In addition to its activities, KACR has published a bimonthly publication called CREATION. The magazine covers subjects in the field of creation science. It also sponsored a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also established a network of local branches that conduct seminars and present talks to school children and community groups.
Changes in South Korea
In the late 19th century and beginning of 20th, Korea moved toward a Westernised lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok was replaced by miniskirts, as well as other fashion elements from abroad. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by jazz and rock & roll. During this period, the famous samulnori or masked dancing-dramas were very popular. These dramatic pieces were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drummers and other instruments of music.
Korea's new development paradigm is being formed in the wake of the economic crisis. The primary challenge for the new regime is to strike an equilibrium between state-led and market-oriented economic policies. It also involves changing incentives, monitoring, or discipline schemes that have shaped the system prior to the crisis. These issues are discussed in Chapters 3 & 4.
Baekje was founded by Onjo Prince and third son of Jumong of Goguryeo, was founded by people from the Hangang River area, Buyeo, and other areas, as well as migrants from northern China. In the early 4th century, Baekje was a major regional power and expanded its territory to Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. It was therefore in constant conflict with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanderies on the border.
The decline of Silla in the 8th and early 9th centuries enabled powerful local factions to emerge. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as the capital. He ruled a portion of the present-day Jeolla province as well as Chungcheong. Later, he moved the capital to Wansanju and became a rival of Goguryeo.
However his rule was not long-lasting. After his defeat, Gungye was replaced by a powerful local leader Wang Geon, who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935. Later, Baekje was incorporated peacefully into Goryeo as an heir state. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened the central government system. This marked the end of the Three Kingdoms Period. From then on the Korean peninsula was ruled by the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla gradually grew to become powerful states in Manchuria and on the peninsula.